state province algeria

)government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. LGBTI activists reported that the vague wording of laws criminalizing homosexual acts and acts against nature permitted sweeping accusations that resulted in multiple arrests for consensual same-sex sexual relations, but no known prosecutions during the year. ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. Algeria since December 18, 2019, is divided into 58 wilayas ().Prior to December 18, 2019, there were 48 provinces. The 58 provinces are divided into 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities).The capital city of a baladiyah, dara, or province, always gives those entities their name, even Algiers, the capital of the country gave it its name (El Djazayar, the Arabic name for both the city and the country). ), 27.5% of GDP (2017 est. The law provides that foreigners may be required to furnish bail as a condition of release on provisional liberty status, while Algerian citizens may be released on provisional liberty without posting bail. According to the ministry, there were 14 accredited foreign press agencies reported during the year. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. If mediation does not lead to an agreement, workers may strike legally after they vote by secret ballot to do so. According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. ), women married by age 15: 0%women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019 est. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. NGOs reported that judges gave harsher sentences to LGBTI persons. Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers' decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification. phonetics. President of the Constitutional Council Mourad Medelci announced voter participation in the elections was just under 51 percent, a sharp drop from the slightly more than 74 percent turnout during the previous presidential election in 2009. St. Martin's Press, New York, 1981. In 2002-02, a constitutional amendment recognized Tamazigh (the written language of the largest Berber group) The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. Local media outlets reported that a team of European Union elections experts provided the government a report noting a lack of transparency in vote counting procedures, but the report was not made public. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. According to human rights activists, citizens widely believed the government conducted frequent electronic surveillance of a range of citizens, including political opponents, journalists, human rights groups, and suspected terrorists. Unions may recruit members at the workplace. There was a census on The law says any firing or other employment action based on discrimination against union members is invalid. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. Official websites use .gov. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. Community members said that obtaining legal assistance was also a challenge due to similar discrimination. Local human rights activists reported that prisoners feared reprisals if they reported abuse by authorities during detention or the interrogation process. Importers of books covering the national movement and the Algerian Revolution must submit the entire text of the books for review, including a secondary review by the Ministry of the Moudjahidine (veterans of the Revolution). The court appearance of suspects in terrorism cases is public. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. According to AP reports, some migrants died during the 20-kilometer desert march. The Tellian and Saharan Atlas Mountain ranges cross the country from east to west, dividing it into three zones. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. Exercise increased caution in Algeria due to terrorism and kidnapping. Le Telagh arrondissement Government Human Rights Bodies: In 2016 the government replaced the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH) with the CNDH. )$5.666 billion (2018 est. On May 14, local authorities prohibited a gathering by novelist Hiba Tayda in Tizi Ouzou. The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. The Ministry of Interior reported in March to a Senate session that approximately 500 illegal migrants try to enter the country daily along the countrys southern borders. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women. ), $11,000 (2021 est. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. This table shows the resulting subdivision of Algeria. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Penalties for violations of the rights of union members range from fines of DZD 10,000-50,000 ($85-$425) for first offenses or DZD 50,000-100,000 ($425-$850) and 30 days-six months in prison for repeat offenses. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. Libel/Slander Laws: NGOs and observers criticized the law on defamation as vaguely drafted and said the definitions in the law failed to comport with internationally recognized norms. Section II. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. Printed editions of the monthly news magazineJeune Afriquehave not been available in the country since April 23. )imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est. It changes the spelling of one province from )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Activists reported that some postings on social media could result in arrest and questioning; observers widely understood that the intelligence services closely monitored the activities of political and human rights activists on social media sites, including Facebook. According to the Ministry of Interior, there were 108,940 local and 1,293 national associations registered as of 2016. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. WebAlgeria is divided into 48 wilayas (provinces), 553 daras (circles; see [Districts of Algeria]]) and 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities, in French: commune). 1845-04-24: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into three provinces. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. The Ministry of Justice said the agency was subject to all existing judicial controls that apply to law enforcement agencies. Penalties for unlawful work stoppages range from eight days to two months imprisonment. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. The ministry also issues and renews accreditation of foreign correspondents reporting in the country. )126.777 (2020 est. Sahrawi refugees lived predominantly in five camps near the city of Tindouf, administered by the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario). Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. The Ministry of Labor conducted inspections and in some cases investigated companies suspected of hiring underage workers. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. The penal code prohibits the detention of suspects in any facilities not designated for that purpose and declared to the local prosecutor, who has the right to visit such facilities at any time. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. For a second year, the government blocked access to social media sites, including Facebook and Twitter, for several days during nationwide high school exams. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika The committee was empowered to propose measures and laws to address child labor as well as conduct awareness campaigns. As time went by, the Although this accreditation is required to operate legally, the vast majority of foreign media were not accredited. Tbessa arrondissement restored from Batna to Bne. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. UNHCR registered more than 10,000 Syrians, but fewer than 7,000 remained registered with UNHCR as of September. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. Few businesses abided by the law requiring that they reserve 1 percent of jobs for persons with disabilities. After violent clashes between Ibadis in Ghardaia and security forces, Fekhar wrote a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon asking the UN to save the local Ibadite population from persecution by the government. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. (An igamie is the Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. Abdelkader Kouafi, the National Autonomous Union of Sonelgaz Gas and Electricity Workers secretary-general, and Slimane Benzine, president of the National Federation of Internal Security Workers, were sentenced to imprisonment and fines for objecting to poor conditions of work and to the sexual harassment of women workers. They also report that owners of public gathering spaces have been told not to rent their locations to certain NGOs. Monitoring and enforcement practices for child labor were inconsistent and hampered by an insufficient number of inspectors to examine the formal and informal economy. Authorities generally transferred pretrial detainees, after presenting them before the prosecutor, to prisons rather than holding them in separate detention facilities. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. WebTamanrasset Province's largest state in Algeria. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. There were isolated reports that children were subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. names. International organizations reported some children had trouble in their attempts to integrate into the educational system but that migrants access to education was improving, particularly in the north of the country. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. Do not travel to: Areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism and kidnapping. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence. Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the ), 12.7% (2021 est. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf Status of Government Respect for Religious ), total petroleum production: 1,414,800 bbl/day (2021 est. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. $487.716 billion (2021 est. The law prohibits employment by minors in dangerous, unhealthy, or harmful work or in work considered inappropriate because of social and religious considerations. The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the approximately 218,000-member DGSN or national police, organized under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. Algeria is the United States' 3rd-largest market in the Middle East/North African region. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. According to the Ministry of Interior, in September there were 70 registered political parties. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. Academics and activists said that sub-Saharan African migrants sometimes faced discrimination and that there were tensions in some communities between the native and migrant populations. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. The Polisario (through the Sahrawi Red Crescent Society), UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, and partner NGOs provided basic services including food aid, primary health care, and primary and secondary education, while the government invested heavily in developing the camps infrastructure and also provided free secondary and university educations, as well as advanced hospital care, to Sahrawi refugees. Nevertheless, the law prohibits unions from associating with political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources. An annex was the area dominated by a fort, and was part of a cercle. With this summons, police may hold a suspect for no more than 48 hours. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. The government provided disability benefits to persons with disabilities who registered. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. )investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. The ILO tried to visit during the year but had to cancel the visit when the government was unable to guarantee that they would be able to meet with independent trade unions. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. The law does not extend antidiscrimination protections to LGBTI persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government, Section 5. Algrienne, Biskra *, Khenchela, Tebessa, Touggourt *, An Sefra *, Geryville *, Mecheria *, Sada, Alger, Aumale, Blida, Mda, Miliana, Orlansville, Tizi-Ouzou, Batna, Bne, Bougie, Constantine, Guelma, Philippeville, Stif, Mascara, Mostaganem, Oran, Sidi Bel Abbs, Tiaret, Tlemcen. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. )proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. Usually this division happens for administrative reasons but the bases on which a country can be divided into states are myriad. arrondissement of Batna department. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. The Ministry of Religious Affairs did the same for all religious publications. The law prohibits pretrial detention for crimes with maximum punishments of less than three years imprisonment, except for infractions that resulted in deaths or to persons considered a threat to public order. In these cases, the law limits pretrial detention to one month. wilaya). The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. There were reports that authorities held some detainees without access to their lawyers and reportedly abused them physically and mentally. Family connections and status of the parties involved influenced decisions. The person must submit an application for compensation within six months of the dismissal or acquittal. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. Webthe machine that won the war irony; Select Page. NGOs reported instances in which unaccompanied migrant female youth were exploited as domestic workers and were known to be loaned out to families for extended periods to work in homes or exploited as prostitutes. The provinces later became divisions. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; The law contains occupational health and safety standards that were not fully enforced. There were five or six subdivisions. )12.55% (2020 est. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. International and local observers alleged that authorities occasionally used antiterrorism laws and restrictive laws on freedom of expression and public assembly to detain political activists and outspoken critics of the government. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. The constitution provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, but the government restricted the exercise of this right. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission.
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