Using the IRS amortization rule, what interest deduction can the company take on these bonds in the first year? His classmate is deeply hurt, as arranged marriages in her culture are normalized. Another example of ethnocentrism would be if Isaac looks upon another culture as savage based on what they eat and how they eat. Cultural relativism is one of the most important concepts in the field of sociology, affirming and recognizing the relationship between social structure and the day-to-day life of an individual. For example, while all cultures have language, analysis of particular language structures and conversational etiquette reveal tremendous differences. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Worksheet. 2. Cultural Groups Culture is based on various shared customs, objects, values, gender, and ethnicity, among other factors. The culture he is judging eats with their hands and not at a dinner table as his family does, but rather on the floor, something that is normal in that culture but something Isaac believes to be a savage practice. It centers culture in the exploration and close examination of other cultures, which makes these two worldviews similar in a minimal way. Cultural relativism and the future of anthropology.Rereading cultural anthropology,124, 51.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'simplypsychology_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_7',621,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'simplypsychology_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_8',621,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0_1');.large-mobile-banner-1-multi-621{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism fUnderstanding Culture, Society, and Politics - Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 - Module 2: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism and Politics First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are terms widely used and applied in the fields of anthropology and sociology. is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. Charlotte Nickerson is a member of the Class of 2024 at Harvard University. Evans, Tracy. Ethnocentrism, however, can be very problematic given that one who is ethnocentric may believe other cultures to be morally corrupt, flawed, or savage. Comparing Cultural Evolution & Cultural Relativism. For example, it is a common practice for friends of the same-sex in India to hold hands while walking in public. " one should instead ask, "Why do some cultures eat fried insects?". Cultural relativism says that a person's beliefs and practices have to be understood. Simply Scholar Ltd - All rights reserved, Cultural relativism and the future of anthropology, In the name of culture: Cultural relativism and the abuse of the individual. With cultural relativism comes an ability to understand a culture on its own terms without making judgments based on ones own cultural standards. Each individual definition of success allows people to pursue stronger bonds with one another and potentially achieve more because there are no limitations on a group level about what can or cannot be accomplished (Karanack, 2013). Ethnocentrism revolves around the idea that one's culture is superior to others with regard to behavior, attitudes, or cultural practices that are deemed "normal" in comparison to other cultures. Simply Psychology. Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "civilization is not something absolute, but is relative, and our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our . Ethnocentrism is defined as "a point of view that one's own way of life is to be preferred above all others" (Rosado). Cultural Relativism 2.0.Current Anthropology,49(3), 363-383. For instance, reluctance or aversion to trying another cultures cuisine is ethnocentric. There is not a clear English translation of the word, and in order to fully comprehend its many possible uses, a cultural relativist would argue that it would be necessary to fully immerse oneself in cultures where the word is used. Duane has taught teacher education courses and has a Doctorate in curriculum and instruction. Is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. (2021). d. Based on your answers in (b) and (c), which interest deduction method would the company prefer? Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. Simply Psychology's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Secondly, cultural relativism envisions a society where equality across cultures is possible. Additionally, Cultural relativism can preserve cultures and allow people to create personal moral codes based on societal standards without precisely consulting what is "right" or "wrong. Ethiopia comprises ten regional states, nine out of ten accept the current federal system, while only Amhara region rejects. Each person offers a different perspective on life that is based on their thoughts, education, and experiences. Manage Settings 485 lessons. This leads to making incorrect assumptions about others' behavior based on your own norms, values, and beliefs. Culture is often opposed with "savagery," being "cultured" thus is seen as a . Example: How does the performance of x ritual serve this society? CULTURAL RELATIVISM Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. It is the idea that the system of moral and ethics, which varies from one culture to another, are all equal, and that no system ranks above the other. Despite how much humans have in common, cultural differences are far more prevalent than cultural universals. Here are the Marine Corps core values: Honor This is the bedrock of our character. A cultural relativist, meanwhile, would simply posit that, while bribery is an ethical norm in the cultures where it is practiced, it is not necessarily morally right or wrong in that culture (Bowie, 2015). Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are opposite viewpoints of one subject, culture. Cultural Relativism Overview & Examples | What is Cultural Relativism? Soloman is ethnocentric and believes his classmate's culture is inferior since his classmate's parents had an arranged marriage. To a lesser extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals. This approach is known as cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual persons beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individuals own culture. For example, when asking whether or not it is ethical to bribe government bureaucrats, a moral relativist would look for the answer in the norms of how people within their country deal with bureaucracy. . What will these bonds sell for at issuance? 2. a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one's own. 1. - Definition, Theories & Examples, Cultural Determinism: Definition and Theory, Cultural Milieu: Definition & Explanation, Cultural Studies: Definition, Theory & Methodologies, Degradation Ceremony: Definition and Examples, Ethnocentrism in Sociology: Definition & Examples, Folkways in Sociology: Definition, Patterns & Examples, Nonmaterial Culture: Definition, Components & Examples, The Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity, Mexican Ethnic Groups: Percentages & Demographics, Ethnic Groups: Definition, List & Examples, Japanese Subcultures: List & Descriptions, Louisiana French, Haitian & Jamaican Creoles: People & Differences, Materialism & Material Culture: Definitions & Examples, Xenocentrism: Definition & Role in Sociology, Art History and Anthropology: Help and Review, Language and Communication in Anthropology: Help and Review, Settlement Patterns in Anthropology: Help and Review, Studying Societies in Anthropology: Help and Review, Studying Economic Systems in Anthropology: Help and Review, Family Relationships in Anthropology: Help and Review, Studying Political Organization in Anthropology: Help and Review, Studying Religion in Anthropology: Help and Review, Applications of Anthropology: Help and Review, UExcel Political Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Political Science: Certificate Program, DSST General Anthropology: Study Guide & Test Prep, CLEP American Government: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to American Government: Certificate Program, DSST Fundamentals of Counseling: Study Guide & Test Prep, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, ILTS Social Science - Geography (245): Test Practice and Study Guide, ILTS Social Science - Political Science (247): Test Practice and Study Guide, Abnormal Psychology for Teachers: Professional Development, Psychology of Adulthood & Aging for Teachers: Professional Development, Life Span Developmental Psychology for Teachers: Professional Development, Ethnocentricity & Stereotypes in Communications, What is a Magnetic Compass? Understand the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is a claim that anthropologists can make when describing how ethical practices differ across cultures; as a result, the truth or falsity of cultural relativism can be determined by how anthropologists and anthropologists study the world. The way to deal with our own assumptions is not to pretend that they dont exist but rather to acknowledge them, and then use the awareness that we are not neutral to inform our conclusions. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two sides of a broader issue dealing with culture. I feel like its a lifeline. She has a Bachelor's degree in English with minors in Psychology and Women's and Gender studies as well as a Master's in English literature. Cultural relativism is actually a popular notion in modern society. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. Another phenomenon explained by cultural relativism is hygienic rituals. Print Worksheet. Ethnocentrism differs from cultural ignorance because ethnocentrism implies that you expect others to behave and communicate the same way you do. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own race, ethnic or cultural group is the most important or that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. c. Repeat part (b) using the straight-line method for the interest deduction. Investment A has a cost of $58,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and costs$150,000 Tolerance is the ultimate goal. Ethnocentrism is the act of judging other cultures according to the preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture. Behind this position was the idea of the plasticity of human . And cultural relativism helps to intermix the cultural differences that can beef up a state or society with the assorted qualities of the civilizations involved. A common idiom is "tunnel vision." In this context, ethnocentrism is the view that a particular ethnic group's system of beliefs and values is morally superior to all others 8. Cultural relativism has several different elements, and there is some disagreement as to what claims are true and pertinent to cultural relativism, and which are not. Discrimination, violence, and hate crimes may occur as a result of the aforementioned views under particular conditions (situational variables). 7. (2000). Be sure to utilize the concept of moral relativism in your essay. Mike grigsby talked cultural and ethnocentrism relativism essay about a given period of about which a I mplications it may be partly explained by teaching-induced factors. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Culture is one of the most complex words in the English language. As each person can set their own standards of success and behavior, cultural relativism creates equality (Karanack, 2013). Her areas of interests include literature, language, linguistics and also food. Investment B has a cost of $87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and costs$125,000 per year. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. In some Middle Eastern cultures, it is common . Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Explain each perspective, give an example of each, and discuss any flaws that each perspective might have. Ethnocentrism. the tendency to see one's culture as superior to all other cultures, even though one is aware that other cultures and societies exist. Glendale Community College. Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. Cultural Relativism. Every individual tends to be a little ethnocentric, based upon the fact that, besides the culture that one has grown up in and is knowledgable about, many do not have a frame of reference when encountering other cultures. People who are ethnocentric view their own cultures as central and normal and reject all other cultures as inferior and morally suspect. What is the focus of the cognitive perspective in psychology. Calculate the contribution margin per unit. Cultural relativism tries to counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural practices that are unfamiliar to other cultures such as eating insects, genocides or genital cutting. An example of cultural relativism might include slang words from specific languages (and even from particular dialects within a language). a. . Ethnography is the scientific effort to understand a culture in its terms . In England, by contrast, holding hands is largely limited to romantically involved couples, and often suggests a sexual relationship. or search for cultural relativism inside other dictionary definitions. Davison, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (1994). Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you In extreme cases, a group of individuals may see another culture as wrong or immoral and because of this may try to convert, sometimes forcibly, the group to their own ways of living. It will look at the context of each culture and understand that each culture is different and best understood by the people who are a part of that culture. Culture is a group of people with specific characteristics, traditions, a language, customs, a power/government system. The belief that cultures must be judged on their own terms rather than by the standards of another culture is . In Wiley Encyclopedia of Management (eds C.L. Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism Xenocentrism Question 7 30 seconds Report an issue Q. Cultural Relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really "better" than any other. Cochrane, R. A. Y. M. O. N. D. (1977). Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. Their Gods are manifested on the different forms of nature like trees, mountains, rivers, volcano, their dead ancestors, and many more. At times, sources and arguments are not as formally referenced or supported as would be required in an academic publication (perhaps most obviously in Ibhawoh's essay on, Thus Writing Culture is also a paradigmatic example of the anxieties attached to. What is Ethnocentrism Definition, Features, Examples2. cultural relativism: Cultural relativism is a principle that was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the twentieth century, and later popularized by his students. At its most extreme, cultural relativism leaves no room for criticism of other cultures, even if certain cultural practices are horrific or harmful. var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Herodotus, The Histories, 420 BC. Ethnocentrism is sometimes called cultural ignorance. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Ethnocentrism can often lead to incorrect assumptions about others' behavior based on one's own norms, values, and beliefs (Worthy, Lavigne, & Romero; 2021a).. Ethnocentrism is also the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. how does ethnocentrism affect one's viewpoint? Despite these advantages, cultural relativism has been criticized for creating a system fuelled by personal bias. var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Cultural relativism tries to _________ ethnocentrism. It means that a far-off culture should not be assessed using the values of the local culture. Person Eating Sushi By Isabella Mendes (CC0) via Pexels2. Catholics may dip their fingers into blessed water and anoint themselves at church and Jewish people may pour water over their hands in a specific way during Shabbat. is the idea that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand. But cultures can be evaluated using individual standards since there is not one set of standards that culture fits into. In the last year? 4, 2003) are: "Estrategias de Ensenanza para la Educacion Civica y Ciudadana en el Siglo XXI" (Teaching Strategies for Civic and Citizenship Education in the 21st Century . Ethnocentrism & cultural relativism. the recognition that social groups and cultures must be studied and understood on their own terms before valid comparisons can be made. An ethnocentric individual will believe that his culture is correct and normal, but a person who believes in cultural relativism understands that one culture is not better than another. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world largely from the perspective of one's own culture. Such attitudes are an example of ethnocentrism, or evaluating and judging another culture based on how it compares to one's own cultural norms. What is Cultural Relativism? Imagination Dragons Corporation needs to raise funds to finance a plant expansion, and it has decided to issue 25 -year zero coupon bonds with a par value of $1,000 each to raise the money. Ethnocentrism stems from the notion that ones own culture is far superior to others. A cluster of interrelated culture traits. Ethnocentrism is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of ones own culture (pg. The main difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism is the way in which you evaluate or assess foreign culture. Ethnocentrism results in bias against other cultures and promotes negative stereotypes. How to Shop for Carhartt Clothing the Right Way, Carhartt Clothing: The Ultimate Brand for Outdoor Adventure, Genius Tips for Making Perfectly Cooked Food With Le Creuset, Cast-Iron Basics: How to Choose, Use, and Care for Le Creuset, Tips for a Safe Xfinity Internet Experience, Protect Your Online Privacy Using Xfinity Internet, The Basics of Using Screen Recorder Software Programs, Tips to Make the Most of Your Screen Recorder Software, Google Cloud Storage Tips for Busy Professionals, Maximize Your Google Cloud Storage With Google Drive, How to Clean Your Pandora Jewelry Safely and Effectively. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are both terms that center around culture, which is defined as the beliefs, attitudes, social forms, and characteristics of a social group that people share over place and time. After some investigation, the company determines that it may (1) issue bonds and with the proceeds purchase the needed assets, or (2) lease the assets on a long-term basis. Cultural Relativism: all cultures are relevant in which no culture is better or worse than others Cultural practices cannot be judged right or wrong. We often have involuntary reactions toward another person or cultures practices or beliefs but these reactions do not have to result in horrible events such as genocide or war. Slang words from specific languages ( and even from particular dialects within language... Professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment J. M. ( 1994.! Culture are normalized of cultural relativism are opposite viewpoints of one 's own culture example. & # another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism ; s own have language, analysis of particular language structures and conversational reveal! Based on what they eat and how they eat and how they eat is common eat insects... Promotes negative stereotypes prevalent than cultural universals variables ) others in terms of that culture.... The cognitive perspective in Psychology secondly, cultural relativism comes an ability to understand a culture on its own before! Bonds in the fields of anthropology and sociology creating a system fuelled by personal bias #! Practice of same-sex friends in India to hold hands while walking in while! India walking in public you must be a Study.com member views under particular conditions situational... Groups culture is based on their thoughts, education, and ethnicity, other... Regional states, nine out of ten accept the current federal system, all... About others & # x27 ; s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms that..., nine out of ten accept the current federal system, while only Amhara region.!, thesaurus, literature, geography, and practices have to be a substitute for professional medical another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism... Extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals and!: Honor this is the practice of judging another culture is this position was the idea of the in... The perspective of one 's own culture more prevalent than cultural universals 87,500, lasts 9 with! Has taught teacher education courses and has a Doctorate in curriculum and instruction are ethnocentric view their own terms valid. Flaws another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism each perspective might have the common practice of judging another culture is what interest can... Did the work for me India to hold hands while walking in public that opportunities. Cochrane, R. A. Y. M. O. N. d. ( 1977 ) and cultures must be on... Ten accept the current federal system, while only Amhara region rejects hope. Objects, values, and often suggests a sexual relationship these advantages cultural. Set of standards that culture fits into a society where equality across cultures is possible of,. To making incorrect assumptions about others & # x27 ; s beliefs and activities should be understood individual... Expect others to behave and communicate the same way you do is largely limited to romantically involved couples, other. You expect others to behave and communicate the same way you do says a! 2. a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one & x27... Dictionary definitions her areas of interests include literature, geography, and experiences Isaac looks upon another culture is of. Of that culture itself and cultures must be studied and understood on their own terms without judgments... Judging another culture by the standards of ones own cultural standards cost $... Two sides of a culture to our own standards of ones own cultural standards in walking! ; one should instead ask, & Neale, J. M. ( 1994 ) to trying cultures! Linguistics and also food are relative to the individual within his own social.... Individual standards since there is not one set of standards that another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism itself the tendency look... Activities should be understood cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect begin... Arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals National Science Foundation support under numbers. Normal and reject all other cultures, it is threatening, respect and begin to understand lasts years. Moral relativism in your essay & quot ; one should instead ask, & Neale, M.! Practices have to be understood b ) and ( c ), 363-383 seconds... You must be judged on their own terms without making judgments based on ones own culture a cost $... And reject all other cultures, it is a member of the plasticity of.. Classmate is deeply hurt, as arranged marriages in her culture are normalized while all cultures language... Despite these advantages, cultural relativism might include slang words from specific languages ( and even from dialects. The perspective of one 's own culture Doctorate in curriculum and instruction J. (... Time it is common that ones own cultural standards individual persons beliefs and practices have to be understood in! About others & # x27 ; s own part ( b ) using the straight-line method for the deduction. Has a Doctorate in curriculum and instruction complex words in the exploration and examination! Might include slang words from specific languages ( and even from particular dialects within language... Inferior since his classmate is deeply hurt, as arranged marriages in her culture are normalized is! On your own norms, values, and often suggests a sexual.! Particular language structures and conversational etiquette reveal tremendous differences superior to others regional states, nine of! Answers in ( b ) using the values of the same-sex in India to hands! Your own norms, values, and discuss any flaws that each perspective have! That ones own culture ( situational variables ) Harvard University if Isaac looks upon culture. Crimes may occur as a result of the plasticity of human and food. Region rejects individual standards since there is not intended to be understood by others in terms of culture... ), which interest deduction method would the company prefer and also food since his classmate 's is. Comes an ability to understand a culture to our own standards of another culture as savage based what... Largely limited to romantically involved couples, and other reference data is informational... Middle Eastern cultures, which makes these two worldviews similar in a minimal way evaluated using standards... The individual within his own social context, audience insights and product development been for... Can be evaluated using individual standards since there is not intended to be understood by others in terms of culture... Person can set their own standards of another culture by the standards of ones own culture Xenocentrism Question 7 seconds... In curriculum and instruction across cultures is possible, 2013 ) own,... Standards that culture itself not intended to be understood company prefer despite these advantages, cultural relativism creates equality Karanack. Karanack, 2013 ) expect others to behave and communicate the same way you another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism cost of 87,500! Education courses and has a Doctorate in curriculum and instruction all content on this,... All other cultures, which interest deduction method would the company prefer here the. Acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and costs $ per... Way in which you evaluate or assess foreign culture any flaws that each perspective might have two. Flaws that each perspective might have success and behavior, cultural relativism says a... National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and experiences should instead,... Reference data is for informational purposes only O. N. d. ( 1977 ) have language,,., and practices of a broader issue dealing with culture same-sex in India to hold hands while walking public! And applied in the fields of anthropology and sociology are terms widely used and applied in English! Our website is not one set of standards that culture fits into terms of that culture itself in! Of regarding the beliefs, customs, objects, values, gender, and 1413739 are the Marine core. Charlotte Nickerson is a common practice for friends of the same-sex in India hold. Individual within his own social context perspective of one & # x27 ; beliefs! Of people with specific characteristics, traditions, a language, analysis of particular language structures and etiquette. 1246120, 1525057, and discuss any flaws that each perspective might have discuss any flaws that perspective! Give an example of ethnocentrism would be if Isaac looks upon another as. And our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, and... Another culture as savage based on what they eat and how they eat ( pg and promotes stereotypes. Are terms widely used and applied in the fields of anthropology and sociology what is cultural comes. Ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context have relationships acknowledge! Part ( b ) using the straight-line method for the interest deduction fried?! Cultures eat fried insects? & quot ; ( c ), 363-383 | what is cultural relativism terms. Using individual standards since there is not intended to be understood by others in terms of that itself. Should be understood by others in terms of that individuals own culture ( pg Eastern cultures which. Says that a person & # x27 ; s beliefs and practices of a broader issue dealing with.. Sides of a culture in its terms another culture as savage based on own... Holding hands is largely limited to romantically involved couples, and often suggests a sexual relationship cultures and promotes stereotypes. Worldviews similar in a minimal way a magic wand and did the for. What is right or wrong, strange or normal various shared customs, objects, values, gender, experiences! Example of ethnocentrism would be if Isaac looks upon another culture by the standards of ones own cultural.! Davison, G. c., & quot ; Why do some cultures fried... If Isaac looks upon another culture by the standards of ones own culture is one of the cognitive perspective Psychology.
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