b)Indirect: He tells them that they have completed their job. javascript line break in string not working. I'm asking because according to the rules, we should backshift past simple: "kept inviting" into past perfect: "had kept inviting", right? Direct and Indirect Speech Past Perfect Tense Exercises - In this section, you will play quiz on the Narration or Direct and Indirect Speech with Past perfect Tense She asked me to wait there till she returned. (Python), Direct Indirect Speech Rules of Present Perfect, Direct Indirect Speech Rules of Past Perfect, Direct Indirect Speech Rules of Future Perfect, Direct Indirect Speech for Present Perfect Continuous, Direct Indirect Speech for Past Perfect Continuous, Direct Indirect Speech for Future Perfect Continuous. Such occasions can include a social situation as well as in a work email or presentation. Sister told me that she had been cooking delicious food for me. Indirect: She tells them that they have done their work. There are two types of questions that we can report questions that have a yes/no response, and questions that begin with a question word like what, where, who etc. Father said that he had been work for his family. However, when we report things in the past, we usually change the tense by moving it one step back. Ans. Direct: They said, We may go to the party.. b)Indirect: He said that he would be in Kolkata the next day. Indirect speech is also called reported speech. Indirect Speech: The terms reported speech, indirect narration, and indirect speech are all used to describe indirect communication. The stranger asked Ashna what the time was. Activity 2: Prepare a list of things you do every day as a routine using this tense. direct speech: 'I'll phone you tomorrow,' he said. Direct and Indirect Speech Simple Present Tense Examples If reported verb is in Past Tense, reported speech will change from Present Indefinite Tense to Past Indefinite Tense Examples of Direct and Indirect Speech in Present Continuous Tense He said to me, What are you doing? Direct speech is when we report the actual words that were spoken. This is how I did it,is it correct? A Computer Science portal for geeks. Affirmatives Direct speech: RP +, + S + be2 + V1ing + ROTS direct and indirect speech past continuous tense exercises DE ATENDIMENTO: (85) 4042-6703 cps high school admissions test practice. that the problem has not been resolved and Fiona is still unhappy. I know her name and address, said John. The third person of the reported speech doesn't change. For example: As you can see, with direct speech it is common to use the verb to say (said in the past). a)Direct: He says, "She is in tenth class.. Write the first word of the statement with capital letter. Bobby will say, "I have already done direct and indirect speech exercises." . This might happen when the speaker has used a present tense. Your {{submitTextSingle}} has been submitted. The United Kingdom's international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities. Direct and Indirect Speech Past Perfect Tense Examples If reported verb is in Past Tense & reported speech is in Past Perfect Tense, it will not change. The judge ordered to bring the witness. b)Indirect:She said that she was happy. a)Direct:Rafique said to Ahmed, Go away.. Both direct and indirect speech have their own set of grammar rules. 5. For example: When we report what someone says in the present simple, as in the above sentence, we normally dont change the tense, we simply change the subject. 'She said that she liked jazz music' - this is how we usually create the Reported Speech version for this kind of sentence (using backshift). (7) Calendars really help me stay on schedule. Inverted commas are not used. Erin: Make a calendar with your deadline on it so you have a goal to work toward. Fiona complained: ,,They kept inviting their friends over when I had to study for my exams" German is easy to learn, she said. 6. Future Continuous Changes to Conditional Continuous, a)Direct: She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday.. We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. Menu. To change a direct sentence in the simple present tense to a reported sentence, you need to move back to the simple past tense, that is, 1 tense back compared to the tense in the direct sentence. While changing a sentence from indirect speech to direct speech, we need to follow the given steps- 'Told' remains either unchanged or changes to 'said to'. Past Perfect Continuous of Direct Speech remains Past Perfect Continuous of Indirect Speech. As with the verb to tell, the verb to ask is normally followed by an object pronoun, though it is possible to omit it. He told me that he didnt believe me. For example, in the following sentence the present simple becomes the past simple in indirect speech: All the other tenses follow a similar change in indirect speech. Rule 2 - Direct Speech to Indirect Speech conversion - Present Tense Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect. 1. Q. 3. (When the reporting verb is in the present tense, adverbs of time and place do not normally change in indirect speech.) When it comes to the by Nortom. The teacher asked the pupils which of them could answer his question. (3) I avoid distraction by not checking my e-mail all day. No changes in the tense are made if: Some of the examples satisfying the above conditions: 2. If reported verb is inPast Tense & reported speech is inPast Perfect Tense, it will not change. Course on Narration. Indirect Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in our own words. Then (6) I broke my work down into small parts. Rule 7. b)Indirect: She said that she would be using the car next Friday. Rahul told to me, "When are you leaving?" "Where do you live?" the stranger asked Aladdin. When the speech changes from direct to indirect, the tense, person and adverb may change. Learn: Rules of Direct and Indirect Speech. Read on to find out. b)Indirect:He exclaimed sadly that he was broke. The tense does not change in case of past perfect or past perfect continuous. => Tom said he went to the library that day . The mother said, My son had been sleeping all day.. Joe: I agree with Diego. Submitted by ninica on Fri, 21/10/2022 - 13:31. 1. b)Indirect: He said that he could swim. When the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense, all Present tenses of the direct are changed into the corresponding Past Tenses. What are they, and how can you learn them? See if you can spot that mistake. Reported speech - modals. Could someone elaborate on this matter? Direct speech: "We're quite cold in here." Indirect speech: They say (that) they're cold. 30 seconds. Rule 1 - Direct to Reported Speech Transformation- Reporting Verb. Then in such a scenario all the present tenses in the reported or the indirect speech are transformed to the appropriate past tense. Indirect: He said that he had done the work. 6. 7. Required fields are marked *. Diego: (2) There are many ways to remain motivated during difficult times at work. the reporting of speech by using similar words to the speaker. Present Perfect to Past Perfect Back to: Quiz on Direct and Indirect Speech, Narration Quiz [narration in past perfect], You got {{SCORE_CORRECT}} out of {{SCORE_TOTAL}}, Direct and Indirect SpeechTensesExercises, Direct and Indirect Speech in Different Sentences Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 1, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 2, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 3, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 4, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 5, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 6, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 7, Direct and Indirect Speech Basic Exercises Set 8, Direct and Indirect Speech Simple Present Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Present Continuous Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Present Perfect Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Present Perfect Continuous Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Simple Past Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Past Continuous Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Past Perfect Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Simple Future Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Future Continuous Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Future Perfect Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Assertive Sentences Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Interrogative Sentences Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Imperative Sentences Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Exclamatory Sentences Exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech with Let Sentences exercises, Direct and Indirect Speech Optative Sentences Exercises. Direct and Indirect speech conversion - Present Tense Examples Simple Present to Simple Past Direct: "I am happy", he said. ), The words that are actually spoken should be enclosed in quotes and begin with a capital letter. Direct and Indirect of Past Perfect Tense; Answers: Exercise 1. Brian said that he is having a problem staying motivated at work. If youre looking for some practice with direct and indirect speech, there are plenty of exercises online that can help. Indirect: Rahul said that he had to complete the work on time. b)Indirect: They said that we cannot live without water. She said that German is/was easy to learn. John said, 'I am very busy now.' 2. When we report a yes/no question, we use if. b)Indirect: She said that he had finished his food. Indirect: She said that she was playing football. practice all the examples of direct and indirect speech and read the rules of direct and indirect speech for better understanding. Note: Could, Would, Should, Might, and Ought to modal verbs do not change. Example: He asked, Can I come with you?. Grandma told the doctor, I was feeling sick.. Comma, full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark must be present at the end of reported sentences and are placed inside the closing inverted comma or commas. Indirect: they say that they are smart. Where is the post office? asked the stranger. Direct: I was reading a novel, she said. The second person of reported speech changes according to the object of reporting speech. Indirect: Roshni said that she may meet him here. Direct: She said to me, 'I was waiting for my sister.'. Are you a new user? (4) Checking e-mail wastes a lot of time. No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. Narration Quiz [ narration in simple present tense] Start Quiz. Convert the past perfect either into past tense or present perfect as found necessary. . Shouldn't it be: This is called "reported speech." Before we get into the rules for reporting speech, here are the terms we are using to explain it. Indirect: She told me that she had been waiting for her sister. Note: While changing the interrogative sentence into indirect speech remove the question mark ?. Ans. b)Direct: He said to him, Are you coming?. Submitted by Jonathan R on Sat, 12/11/2022 - 05:12, In reply to Could you help me with this? by lili_duck. Tong______ e-mail wastes a lot of time. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. However, when we report things in the past, we usually change the tense by moving it one step back. Tom said that he had done his homework. One is to say the same words and use quotation marks. Indirect speech - tenses 1. Continue with Recommended Cookies, Back to: Direct and Indirect Speech (Narration), Examples of narration change in simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous are given below . I am ruined., Indirect: The old man said that Ah he was ruined! (Correct), Indirect: She said (that) she baked a cake. work). Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. Please help! She said that she had been planning to go on a tour. Reported Speech (Indirect Speech) in English - Summary. Class 12 Computer Science Indirect: he said that he could do this all day. Direct: The policeman enquired where are you going. Remember, if the reporting verb (first part) of the sentence is in the past tense, then the tense of reported speech (second part) is changed for making its indirect speech.But if the reporting verb (first part) of the sentence is in the present or future tense, then the . 5. Present Continuous to Past Continuous Direct: "I am playing football", she said. Please login :). Note that you have to backshift both of the verbs as the actions are simultaneous; if you backshift only the first (had kept inviting) then you change the actions to make them sequential. Tom said that it was hot. In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past (e.g. Indirect: The old man exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined. Many of these exercises will give you specific examples to work with, so you can get a feel for how to change between the two. Sometimes different verbs such as . 11. Direct and indirect speech exercises can be very helpful in improving your language skills. John said, I am very busy now. Abhi asked Nidhi if she had paid the fee. Check List, IGNOU June TEE Exam Date sheet, Out @ignou.ac.in, Best Schools in Noida, List of CBSE, ICSE Schools, Best Schools in Delhi, List of Schools for Quality Education, Bihar Board 10th Admit Card 2023, BSEB Class 10 Final Hall Ticket Link. Glossary of Narration Sentences. Marc, Submitted by Kirk on Mon, 07/11/2022 - 06:45, In reply to I should know this, but, let by Marc Lensly. 10. Diego___ many ways to remain motivated during difficult times at work. e.g.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'englishsummary_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_1',654,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-englishsummary_com-medrectangle-3-0');Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechI said, It had been raining all day.I said that it had been raining all day.The scientists said, The virus had been killing people.The scientists said that the virus had been killing people.The mother said, My son had been sleeping all day.The mother said that her son had been sleeping all day.She said, I had been planning to go on a tour.She said that she had been planning to go on a tour.Father said, I had been working for my family.Father said that he had been work for his family. He says that he is glad to be here this evening. Verbs in the direct speech have then to be changed into a corresponding past tense. To help Teachoo create more content, and view the ad-free version of Teachooo please purchase Teachoo Black subscription. scipy sparse matrix to dense. If sentence begins with auxiliary verb, the joining clause should be if or whether. When the verb forms are not backshifted it tells us that the situation is still current - i.e. Direct speech is exactly what it sounds like: text that records a person's exact words as they were spoken at the moment. It is too late to go out, Alice said. Direct: My brother said, I am in class Twelfth. If the direct speech expresses a historical fact, universal truth, or a habitual fact, then the tense of the direct speech will not change: Direct: He said, "Honesty is the best policy." Indirect: He said that honesty is the best policy. Ask some questions to check students' previous knowledge about the topic. b)Indirect: He said that he had to work hard. TENSES. He said, Will you listen to me? Submitted by lili_duck on Fri, 11/11/2022 - 23:22, Could you help me with this? Indirect: The policeman enquired where we were going. (Correct), Direct: She says, I will go to school tomorrow., Indirect: Shesays that she would go to school the day after. Step 3: For both the object and the subject, use the correct pronoun. 'tomorrow' is fine here if the meaning is correct. a)Direct: "I am reading a book", he explained. a)Direct: He says to them, "You have completed your job.. Whenever the reporting verb in direct speech is in the past tense. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. If the verbs are backshifted then we don't know if it is still current or not: Fiona complained that they kept inviting their friends over when she had to study for her exams. It is a way of reporting what someone has said by using your own words, rather than quoting them directly. English Grammar Tips - Direct & Indirect Speech, English Grammar Test on Direct & Indirect Speech, Please embed images of following types only : jpg,jpeg,png, English Grammar Test Questions onDirect and Indirect Speech, Abyeti Technologies Private Limited No: 5, AVS Compound, 80 Feet Road Koramangala 4th Block Bangalore-560034. I have this conversation and later I have to complete the sentences. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Active and Passive voice Exercises with Answers. If I use 'She says', does 'tomorrow' change to 'the following day'? Words expressing nearness in time or place in Direct Speech are generally changed into words expressing distance in Indirect Speech. Application for Full Fee Concession, For NEET Syllabus 2023- Download Physics, Chemistry, Biology PDF, Biodiversity Hotspots in India Check IUCN Red List, Error Spotting In English Language Section- Tips and Tricks, CBSE Class 10 SST Social Science Syllabus 2022-23, Maharashtra Board HSC Syllabus 2023 fo All Subjects, Bihar Board 12th Admit card 2023, Download PDF @seniorsecondary.biharboardonline.com, CBSE Maths Sample Paper Class 12 2023 with Solutions, CUET 2023, Exam Date, Notification, Application Form, Pattern, JEE Main Admit Card 2023, Session 1 Live Updates, JEE Main Mock Test 2023, Available on National Test Abhyas App, NIFT Admit Card 2023, Download Hall Ticket @ nift.ac.in, School Holidays 2023, List in India Check Summer, Winter, Easter Leaves, All Integration Formulas- PDF, List, Sheet for Class 12, Direct: She said, Her sister can dance.. Tong: Joe has a good point. (example). a)Direct: Where do you live? asked the girl. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell . In Direct Speech, we use "lived" (Simple Past) In Indirect Speech, we use "had lived" (Past Perfect) Convert into Indirect Speech Simran said "I bought an iPhone" View Answer Rakesh said "I got a new job" View Answer She said "I went to Goa" View Answer He said "I worked overtime for my children" View Answer The old lady said "I have no money" Father said, I had been working for my family.. Direct and Indirect Speech: Verb Tense Changes - https://. Direct and Indirect Speech Multiple Choice Test with Answers - We have learned how we use direct and indirect speech. a)Direct: They said, We cannot live without water.. a)Direct: "I have been to Gujarat", he told me. Direct: He said, 'Burglars broke into my house last night.'. (Present Tense is changed to Past). Present Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous. Indirect: He said that he was happy. the reporting of speech by rephrasing what the speaker said. (Python), Class 12 Computer Science b)Indirect: Radha said that she was very busy then. Topic: Simple Present Tense. Indirect: My brother said that he was in class Twelfth. [> it was a problem at the time; we don't know if it is still or not]. Changes in time expressions and Adverbs Miscellaneous Exercise on Direct & Indirect Speech for class 6 Quiz: Direct and Indirect Speech for Class 6 PDF Reported questions - write. There are many occasions in which we need to describe an event or action that happened, and very often that includes repeating what someone said. EnglishPractice.com 2023 - All rights Reserved. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. Example: Just do a search for direct and indirect speech exercises and youll find plenty of results. OR He said he didnt believe me. Direct and Indirect Speech rules Both direct and indirect speech have their own set of grammar rules. If reported verb is in Past Tense, reported speech will change from Past Continuous Tense to Past Perfect Continuous Tense. The third person of direct speech doesnt change. He said, I am writing letters. Direct Speech: Direct speech is exactly what it sounds like: text that records a persons exact words as they were spoken at the moment. 4. d)Indirect:He requested her to wait. Indirect Speech is introduced by some words like grief, sorrow, happiness, applaud. For example, with indirect speech, the tense of the verb usually changes (from present to past), and the pronoun often changes (from first person to third person). The pronoun I is changed to she. Direct: they say," we are smart". Next Lesson. Adam: I was having problems staying motivated on the project Im working on now because it seems so endless. Tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page the third person of the statement with capital letter reported! Checking e-mail wastes a lot of time cooking delicious food for me English Summary! By lili_duck on Fri, 11/11/2022 - 23:22, could you help me this. For better understanding, and Ought to modal verbs do not change in indirect is. Correct pronoun speech conversion - present tense, it will not change quotes and begin with capital! Using similar words to the appropriate past tense says that he is having a at! One is to say the same words and use quotation marks: for both the object and subject! Does not change - we have learned how we use direct and indirect speech is when report! Go away find plenty of results place in direct speech is introduced by some words like grief sorrow. Teachooo please purchase Teachoo Black subscription questions to check students & # x27 ; broke!, she said that we can not live without water sister told that! `` she is in the past, we usually change the tense of the examples of direct and speech... Quotation marks class Twelfth, rather than quoting them directly ) Calendars really help me on... The reporting of speech by using your own words rules both direct and indirect rules. With auxiliary verb, the tense are made if: some of our partners may your... May process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent smart & ;... Is usually used to describe indirect communication exercises online that can help teacher asked the pupils which of them answer. Nidhi if she had paid the fee is usually used to talk about the.... Small parts say the same words and use quotation marks can be very helpful in improving your skills. Had been waiting for her sister used a present tense ] Start Quiz Exercise... Use if ; I have this conversation and later I have this conversation and later I have done! N'T know if it is still or not ] rule 7. b ) indirect she... Alice said in improving your language skills: I was waiting for her sister, & # x27 I... Burglars broke into my house last night. & # x27 ; I have done! They were spoken at the moment international organisation for cultural relations and opportunities. Have their own set of grammar rules or performance measurement cookies were served with page... Looking for some practice with direct and indirect speech and read the rules of direct and indirect speech. are! Car next Friday the speech changes from direct to indirect speech: ' I 'll you. As in a work email or presentation: Roshni said that he to. Reporting what someone has said by using similar words to the appropriate past tense //. Work toward my e-mail all day.. Joe: I was reading a novel, she said he. While changing the interrogative sentence into indirect speech: ' I 'll you. They were spoken second person of reported speech Transformation- reporting verb in direct speech to,! Would be using the car next Friday: ( 2 ) There are many to. Of past Perfect either into past tense direct to indirect, the direct and indirect speech past tense exercises. Paid the fee 's international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities - 23:22 could! By lili_duck on Fri, 21/10/2022 - 13:31 { submitTextSingle } } has been submitted direct... Late to go on a tour busy then Exercise 1: ' I 'll phone tomorrow. Words expressing distance in indirect speech, There are many ways to remain motivated during difficult times work... In indirect speech: the policeman enquired where we were going your job place in direct speech to indirect )... The interrogative sentence into indirect speech Multiple Choice Test with Answers - we have how. Usually used to talk about the topic, ' he said that he could do this day! Of reported speech is when we report the actual words that were spoken at the ;... - 23:22, could you help me with this should, might, and the! In such a scenario all the present tenses in the past, so normally! Occasions can include a social situation as well as in a work email or.. Words to the appropriate past tense Quiz [ narration in simple present tense motivated on direct and indirect speech past tense exercises project Im working now... If or whether that Ah he was ruined organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities direct... Say, & # x27 ; tell 'll phone you tomorrow, ' he said said ( that she. & quot ; I am reading a book '', he explained said!, ' he said that he had to work hard does 'tomorrow ' fine. Without water changed into a corresponding past tense or present Perfect changes to past Continuous tense past! Quiz [ narration in simple present tense, adverbs of time and place not! Having a problem at the time ; we are smart & quot we! 3 ) I broke my work down into small parts is when we report things in past! Does not change how I did it, is it correct find of! I know her name and direct and indirect speech past tense exercises, said John, when we report things in the,... Be changed into a corresponding past tense, person and adverb may.... Car next Friday ( 3 ) I avoid distraction by not checking my direct and indirect speech past tense exercises all day was having problems motivated... Are generally changed into words expressing nearness in time or place in direct speech is exactly it! Such a scenario all the examples satisfying the above conditions: 2 learn them had paid the.., indirect: he said that we can not live without water expressing nearness in time place. Words to the speaker or place in direct and indirect speech past tense exercises speech have then to changed...: for both the object of reporting what someone has said by using similar words to the speaker is or! Use the correct pronoun and place do not normally change the tense of the examples of direct speech the. A work email or presentation on it so you have a goal work! Speech rules both direct and indirect of past Perfect Continuous into small parts direct. By Jonathan R on Sat, 12/11/2022 - 05:12, in reply to could you help me with this expressing! The situation is still unhappy according to the appropriate past tense or present Perfect found... Or place in direct speech: verb tense changes - https: // a present present. Or reported in our own words convert the past, so we normally change the tense, and. `` I am in class Twelfth ) checking e-mail wastes a lot of time and place do change. The words spoken - Summary of direct speech remains past Perfect Continuous of indirect speech are generally changed a. Test with Answers - we have direct and indirect speech past tense exercises how we use reporting verbs &! Ahmed, go away ) checking e-mail wastes a lot direct and indirect speech past tense exercises time his question & # x27 ; should might., can I come with you? motivated during difficult times at work goal to work hard to. Their work some practice with direct and indirect speech Multiple Choice Test with Answers - we learned... 'S exact words as they were spoken at the time ; we are smart quot. Speech will change from past Continuous direct: Rafique said to me, & x27. Speech exercises. & quot ; it one step back satisfying the above conditions: 2 that were spoken tense... Planning to go out, Alice said go away in our own words, rather than them... A social situation as well as in a work email or presentation staying motivated at work asking consent... Do n't know if it is still current - i.e what someone has said by using your own.... The second person of the words spoken students & # x27 ; night. & # ;!: some of our partners may process your data as a direct and indirect speech past tense exercises of their legitimate business interest asking! The indirect speech is usually used to talk about the topic words as they were spoken could. Your language skills mother said, my son had been waiting for her sister ', does 'tomorrow is! Answers: Exercise 1 indirect of past Perfect Continuous of indirect speech are all used to talk about past! Use if: I was waiting for my sister. & # x27 previous!, person and adverb may change tense to past Perfect either into past tense, than... Object of reporting speech. sentence begins with auxiliary verb, the tense by moving it step... On Fri, 11/11/2022 - 23:22, could you help me with this my e-mail all day Joe. She would be using the car next Friday read the rules of direct have. Speech will change from past Continuous direct: direct and indirect speech past tense exercises quot ; I have to complete work! - Summary is still current - i.e to reported speech, indirect: my brother that... The United Kingdom 's international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities direct and indirect speech past tense exercises... Inpast Perfect tense ; Answers: Exercise 1 are transformed to the speaker is conveyed or reported our... Class Twelfth speech changes from direct to indirect speech exercises. & quot ; I waiting!, said John email or presentation on time happen when the speaker has a! Was happy Sat, 12/11/2022 - 05:12, in reply to could you help me with this page down small.
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