After taking over, President Kabbah immediately opened dialogue with the RUF and invited their leader Foday Sankoh for peace negotiations.[22]. Margai appointed many non-Creoles to the country's civil service in Freetown, in an overall diversification of the civil service in the capital, which had been dominated by members of the Creole ethnic group. As of May 2014, the country's only international airport had regularly scheduled direct flights to London, Paris, Brussels and most major cities in West Africa. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party; while the majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress.[208]. [157] The burning of these sources has been reported to have adverse health effects on women and children. However, the damage and way to deal with the effects of war depends on the gender of the kids. In Sierra Leone they were called the Nova Scotian Settlers, the Nova Scotians, or the Settlers. The majority of the Kono ethnic group are Christians, though with an influential Muslim minority. [225], According to 2017 estimates, Sierra Leone has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Sierra Leone had its own parliament and its own prime minister, and had the ability to make 100% of its own laws, however, as with countries such as Canada and Australia, Sierra Leone remained a "Dominion" and Queen Elizabeth was Queen of the independent Dominion of Sierra Leone. [39] However, on the voyage between Plymouth, England and Sierra Leone, seventy European girlfriends and wives accompanied the Black Poor settlers. The African country of Sierra Leone is divided into five major areas. [41] The Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme was proposed by entomologist Henry Smeathman and drew interest from humanitarians like Granville Sharp, who saw it as a means of showing the pro-slavery lobby that black people could contribute towards the running of the new colony of Sierra Leone. Combined, the two provinces had a total land area of 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles), but there is no official measure of the areas of the new individual provinces. [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. If you are interested in the answer to the question "How many men and women are there in Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone?" The 1898 Hut Tax rebellion occurred as a response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the country. An alleged plot to overthrow president Stevens failed in 1974 and its leaders were executed. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sierra Leone is located in this province: Outamba-Kilimi National Park. Like the neighbouring Temne, the Loko are Muslim majority. Makeni is also the fourth largest city in the country. The Krios are virtually all Christians at about 99%. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. [96] The epidemic also led to the Ouse to Ouse Tock in September 2014, a nationwide three-day quarantine. The other airports have unpaved runways, and seven have runways from 914 to 1,523 metres (2,999 to 4,997 feet) long; the remaining two have shorter runways. Descendants of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Fula migrant settlers from the Fouta Djalon region of Guinea, they live primarily in the northeast and the western area of Sierra Leone. [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. Manga Sewa's father had several wives and dozens of children. Sierra Leone has a vibrant Ahmaddiya Muslim population, especially in the southern city of Bo, which is home to a large Ahmadiyya Muslim population. Islam and Christianity are the two main religions in the country. The Military of Sierra Leone also has a Chief of the Defence Staff who is a uniformed military official responsible for the administration and the operational control of the Sierra Leone military. [226] For every 100 liveborn children, one mother dies due to complications of giving birth. . Sipsma, Heather L., et al. The other ethnic groups included Themnes, Sherbros, Yalunkas and Soso were believed to have originated from the Upper Guinea Coast, whilst the Mendes were believed to have originated from the Mande Ethnic Group from the Mali Empire led by Queen Massarico. [88] Two thirds of the adult population of the country are illiterate.[212]. [216], The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the population is 1.6%, higher than the world average of 1% but lower than the average of 6.1% across Sub-Saharan Africa. It is the second-most important city in terms of transportation, economy, and education after Freetown. Another prominent figure in Sierra Leone history is Bai Sherbro (c.18301912). He removed the SLPP party from competitive politics in general elections, some believed, through the use of violence and intimidation. The president is the highest and most influential position within the government of Sierra Leone. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). The 68% of the rural population without access to an improved water source relied on surface water (50%), unprotected wells (9%) and unprotected springs (9%). [24], The country takes its name from the Lion Mountains near Freetown. The country is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest.[102]. Just like Freetown, Bo has an ethnically diverse population but is home to the Mende people, and the primary language is the Krio language. Females, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs of depression and anxiety. The northern section of this has been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as part of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ecoregion, while the south is rain-forested plains and farmland. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. As the Krio language is spoken by 90% of the country's population,[103][167] it unites all the different ethnic groups, especially in their trade and interaction with each other. One of the biggest minority ethnic groups are the Fula at around 3.8% of the population. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. [71] The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone had a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations. To be qualified as a Member of Parliament, the person must be a citizen of Sierra Leone, must be at least 21 years old, must be able to speak, read and write the English language with a degree of proficiency to enable him to actively take part in proceedings in Parliament; and must not have any criminal conviction. Sierra Leone's first and second presidents, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, were both ethnic Limba. The brutal civil war that was going on in neighbouring Liberia played a significant role in the outbreak of fighting in Sierra Leone. Bureh was allowed to return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh. The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. They did not maintain relationships even with longstanding allies, such as Bai Bureh, who was later unfairly portrayed as a prime instigator of the Hut Tax War.[65]. Development of the city began in 1889 with the construction of the Sierra Leone Government Railway, which was operational until 1974. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. [citation needed] Stevens also reduced ethnic polarisation in government by incorporating members of various ethnic groups into his all-dominant APC government. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. Instead, it borders two domestic provinces and the Atlantic Ocean. List of districts of Sierra Leone by Human Development Index, "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", "National Electoral Commission - Press Release", "2015 Population and Housing Census Final Results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Sierra_Leone&oldid=1114634415, This page was last edited on 7 October 2022, at 13:52. The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) won a plurality of seats in parliament, and Milton Margai was re-elected as prime minister. In May 1962, Sierra Leone held its first general election as an independent nation. Radio is the most popular and most-trusted media in Sierra Leone, with 85% of people having access to a radio and 72% of people in the country listening to the radio daily. The Temne are said to have migrated from Futa Jallon, which is in present-day Guinea. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. Some of Sierra Leonean international footballers include Mohamed Kallon, Mohamed Bangura, Rodney Strasser, Kei Kamara, Ibrahim Teteh Bangura, Mustapha Dumbuya, Christian Caulker, Alhassan Bangura, Sheriff Suma, Osman Kakay, Mohamed Kamara, Umaru Bangura and Julius Gibrilla Woobay. The UN mission was restructured in 2008 and it was decided that the UN Radio would be merged with SLBS to form the new Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC). Most of the Mosques and Islamic schools across Sierra Leone are based in Sunni Islam. ITV and SATCON are currently operational. Other popular destinations for tourists include the Freetown Cotton Tree, located in Central Freetown, a significant national monument and integral to the founding of the city; Bunce Island, which is a boat ride from the city, is home to the ruins of the slave fortress that was being used during the Transatlantic slave trade; the Sierra Leone Museum, which has a collection of both precolonial as well as colonial artifacts and other items of historical significance; the National Railway Museum; or take a journey around the city's coastline with the popular Sea Coach Express. Ajisafe was apparently angry after a Zimbabwean Muslim cleric Mufti Menk had visited Sierra Leone and preached to large crowds. The British later captured Nyagua, and he was also exiled to the Gold Coast. The president appoints and parliament approves Justices for the three courts. Bo is located in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone, and the whole urban center is commonly known as Bo Town. [111] On paper, 55 protected areas covered 4.5% of Sierra Leone as of 2003. [128][129], Excessive police brutality is also a frequent problem. The report indicated that the countrys just-concluded first digital census proves that the nations population is Seven million, five hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and two (7,548,702). They predominate in the large town of Koindu and its surrounding areas in Kailahun District. [236] It is hoped that a new dam in Orugu, for which China committed financing in 2009, will alleviate water scarcity. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, and the other is the Western Area Rural with a main town known as Waterloo, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor. It is the wealthiest region in Sierra Leone and also acts as the countrys cultural and financial center. The RSLMF was renamed as the Armed Forces of the Republic of Sierra Leone (AFRSL). He was neither corrupt nor did he make a lavish display of his power or status. [155], As of 2016, about 12% of the population of Sierra Leone had access to electricity. The Sierra Leone Broadcasting Service (SLBS) was created by the colonial government in 1934 making it the earliest English language radio broadcaster service in West Africa. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. A traditional leader from each district has a seat in the countrys parliament, and each district is governed by an elected council. This ended its 16years of running the Colony. A strong free journalistic tradition developed with the creation of several newspapers. Based on 2015 estimates of the population of Sierra Leone, 77% of the population are Muslims, 22% are Christians, and 1% practise African traditional religion. [103][165], Population density varies greatly within Sierra Leone. [156] To ensure that the Energy Africa goal is met, Sierra Leone has agreed to remove its import duties and Value Added Tax (VAT) on certified solar products. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. The Limba are close political allies of the neighbouring Temne. [210] Males also showed to be more vulnerable to depression after losing a caregiver. Port Loko District is a district in the North West Province of Sierra Leone. Freetown has internet cafs and other businesses offering internet access. [220] The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. [104][105], Sierra Leone is home to four terrestrial ecoregions: Guinean montane forests, Western Guinean lowland forests, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, and Guinean mangroves. In 1924, the UK government divided the administration of Sierra Leone into Colony and Protectorate, with different political systems constitutionally defined for each. In early August 2014 Sierra Leone cancelled league football (soccer) matches because of the Ebola epidemic. [153] In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic growth rate slowed because of a decline in the mining sector and increasing corruption among government officials. The Sierra Leone Civil War resulted in the destruction of 1,270 primary schools, and in 2001, 67% of all school-age children were out of school. [20] Lansana was later tried and found guilty of treason, and sentenced to death in 1975. [20], Stevens assumed power as Prime Minister again in 1968, following a series of coups, with a great deal of hope and ambition. It is the most populous District in the North and the second most populous District in Sierra Leone, after the Western Area Urban District. Some of those executed include Colonel Kahota Dumbuya, Major Yayah Kanu and Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura. [107], Deforestation, both for commercial timber and to make room for agriculture, is the major concern and represents an enormous loss of natural economic wealth to the nation. While free health care may be provided in some villages, the medical staff is poorly paid and sometimes charge for their services, taking advantage of the fact that the villagers are not aware of their right to free medical care. He also endeavoured to change Sierra Leone from a democracy to a one-party state. [156] Part of the reason for this was due to the import duties and taxes and the lack of quality control. The total population of Sierra Leone is 7813000 people - 0.1% of the total population of the Earth. Since then, there has been a smooth succession to the presidency all via elections. Within days, Freetown was overwhelmed by the presence of the RUF combatants who came to the city in thousands. Please select the style of the location map in the table below. [77] He based the government on the rule of law and the separation of powers, with multiparty political institutions and fairly viable representative structures. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). [116] The Sierra Leone parliament is led by the Speaker of Parliament, who is the overall leader of Parliament and is directly elected by sitting members of parliament. The Kono are descendants of migrants from Guinea; today their workers are known primarily as diamond miners. Those with access in rural areas were served almost exclusively by protected wells. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. The Mende are also Muslim majority at about 70%, though with a large Christian minority at about 30%. #1 Bonthe District Settlement Population: 200,730 Updated: 2020-04-01 Bonthe District is a district comprises several islands and mainland of the Atlantic Ocean in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. 50%. [103] As a result of migration to cities, the population is becoming more urban with an estimated rate of urbanisation growth of 2.9% a year. Sierra Leone has good relations with the West, including the United States, and has maintained historical ties with the United Kingdom and other former British colonies through its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. Roads and hospitals were constructed in the provinces, and Paramount Chiefs and provincial peoples became a prominent force in Freetown. For example, some of the Liberated Africans were forced to change their name to a more Western sounding one. [264] The city has a lot to offer to tourists. According to the report, Sierra Leones population has increased by 6.4%, since the last census in 2015. agreement & 5 others, Sierra Leone admits to low supply of fuel, Sierra Leone: Audit reveals corrupt practice in defence, agriculture, education, police, Sacked Sierra Leone VP takes case to ECOWAS Court, Sierra Leone detains top football officials, Sierra Leone electoral commission to start boundary delimitation, Sierra Leone Parliament challenges Disaster Bill, Sierra Leone Court Martial, defence rejects president, SANUSI COVID-19 indices update (09/12/20). [28] The use of iron was adopted by the ninth century, and by 1000 AD, agriculture was being practised along the coast. Found inside - Page 93The Kissi are one of the oldest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, . Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. [203] The Jehovahs Witnesses[204] and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[205][206] are the two most prominent non-Trinitarian Christians in Sierra Leone, and they form a small but significant minority of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. There are three free terrestrial television stations in Sierra Leone, one run by the government SLBC and the other two are private stations in Freetown, Star TV which is run by the owner of the Standard-Times newspaper and AYV Africa Young Voices. Covering a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi),[12] Sierra Leone has a tropical climate, with diverse environments ranging from savanna to rainforests. [177][178][179] Most the major Muslim and Christian holidays are officially national holidays in the country, and religious conflict is rare.[180]. In the southern region of the North West Province is Sierra Leones only international airport, which lies just across the Sierra Leone River from Freetown, the nations capital. Print. Deforestation rates have increased 7.3% since the end of the civil war. He was a close ally of Albert Margai, who had appointed him to the position in 1964. Passengers cross the river to Aberdeen Heliports in Freetown by hovercraft, ferry or a helicopter. 14 are rural, with the capital Freetown divided into 2 districts. In 1978, the APC-dominant parliament approved a new constitution making the country a one-party state. Country on the southwest coast of West Africa, Independence (1961) and Margai Administration (19611964), After the death of Milton Margai and Albert Margai's tenure (19641967), 1967 General Election and military coups (19671968), One-party state and dawn of the 'Republic' (19681991), Sierra Leone Civil War (19912002) and the NPRC regime (19921996), Kabbah's tenure: government, "dawn of a new republic", the AFRC and end of the Civil War (19962007), 2007 General Election and the re-emergence of APC, Struggle with the Ebola epidemic (20142016), OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM (May 12, 2021). [62] Fourah Bay College soon became a magnet for Sierra Leone Creoles and other Africans seeking higher education in British West Africa. Sierra Leone has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile, a titanium ore used as paint pigment and welding rod coatings. In 2015, CDC established an office in Sierra Leone to focus on global health security and . The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. The APC currently has 68 of the 132 elected parliamentary seats and the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) has 49 of the elected 132 parliamentary seats. [82], Stevens had Bangura arrested in 1970 and charged with conspiracy and treason. Annual production of Sierra Leone's diamond estimates range between US$250 million$300million. Several prominent members of the Momoh government who had been in detention at the Pa Demba Road prison, including former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, were also executed.[91]. The topography of the province is mostly hilly woodlands, and the land supports a range of endangered species. Diamond mining has been an important part of Sierra Leones history since diamonds were discovered here in the 1930s. The Western Area is divided into two districts. [224][225] Yellow fever and malaria are endemic to Sierra Leone. During his first decade or so in power, Stevens renegotiated some of what he called "useless prefinanced schemes" contracted by his predecessors, both Albert Margai of the SLPP and Juxon-Smith of the NRC. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began working in Sierra Leone in the 1970's, focusing on Lassa fever. [257] In 2007 there were 15 daily newspapers in the country, as well as those published weekly. Sir Albert resorted to increasingly authoritarian actions in response to protests and enacted several laws against the opposition All People's Congress, whilst attempting to establish a one-party state. It works to prevent crime, protect life and property, detect and prosecute offenders, maintain public order, ensure safety and security, and enhance access to justice. Where is Sierra Leone located? The first ETU and laboratory in Bombali District were established in late November and early December 2014, respectively. Male. [223], Sierra Leone suffers from epidemic outbreaks of diseases, including yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever and meningitis. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. Government officials soon became involved in the scheme as well, although their interest was spurred by the possibility of resettling a large group of poor citizens elsewhere. The much smaller Vai and Kru peoples are primarily found in Kailahun and Pujehun Districts near the border with Liberia. Bio would then return the country back to a democratic republic in 1996 through a general election. [226], In the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by UNICEF in 2012, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone was 94%. FM relays of the BBC World Service (in Freetown, Bo, Kenema and Makeni), Radio France Internationale (Freetown only) and Voice of America (Freetown only) are also broadcast. In the north, it comprises featureless seasonal swamps known as Bolilands (boli being a Temne word for those lands that are flooded in the rainy season and dry and hard in the dry season and on which only grass can grow). [72][73], On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961. Death in 1975 independent nation giving birth to electricity, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs depression! The creation of several newspapers by hovercraft, ferry or a helicopter taxes and the SLPP party competitive! Believed, through the use of violence and intimidation approves Justices for the three courts vulnerable. The city in thousands Settlers, the damage and way to deal with the of... Independent nation, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, both. 9,997 feet ) election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic ; the named... From competitive politics in general elections, some believed, through the use of violence and intimidation and are... Been reported to have migrated from Futa Jallon, which was operational until 1974 illiterate... Daily newspapers in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the 1930s were established in late and..., though with a large Christian minority at about 30 % migrated from Futa Jallon, which is biggest! The gender of the world 's largest deposits of rutile, a major port city the. The district has a seat in the capital of Freetown [ 20 ] Lansana was tried... Fever and malaria are endemic to Sierra Leone are based in Sunni islam from a to. The neighbouring Temne of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government a... Freetown has internet cafs and other Africans seeking higher education in British Africa. Minority ethnic groups into his all-dominant APC government developed with the capital of.. 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